Which pulmonary effect is associated with immobilization?

Immobilization leads to a number of physiological changes in the body, particularly affecting the respiratory system. When a person is immobilized, their ability to expand their lungs fully is compromised. This is largely due to factors such as reduced mobility, which limits engagement of the diaphragm and intercostal muscles crucial for deep breathing.

As a result of decreased physical activity and potential alterations in body position, such as prolonged periods in bed or sitting, lung volumes can diminish. This can lead to atelectasis, where parts of the lungs collapse, causing a reduction in overall lung expansion. Thus, the effect of immobilization culminates in decreased lung expansion, which can adversely impact gas exchange and lead to respiratory complications over time. Understanding this pathophysiological process is essential in managing patients who are at risk of prolonged immobilization, as interventions such as positioning changes, breathing exercises, and mobilization strategies may be necessary to mitigate these effects.